The first and most important principle is that everyone has the same rights as fundamental freedoms. Rawls originally presented the theory in his 1971 book A Theory of Justice, subsequently expanding upon several of its themes in his later book titled Political Liberalism.įirst principle: the liberty principle These principles are always applied so as to ensure that the "least advantaged" are benefitted and not hurt or forgotten. The principles are, however, intended as a single, comprehensive conception of justice-"Justice as Fairness"-and not to function individually. This order determines the priorities of the principles if they conflict in practice. Rawls arranges the principles in "lexical priority," prioritizing in the order of the liberty principle, fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality the second is subdivided into fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle. In it he describes his conception of justice. " Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical" is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. For the 2001 book version, see Justice as Fairness: A Restatement.
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